Effects of Variable Viscosity and Temperature Modulation on Linear Rayleigh-Bénard Convection in Newtonian Dielectric Liquid

The linear Rayleigh-Bénard electro-convective stability of the Newtonian dielectric liquid is determined theoretically subject to the temperature modulation with time. A perturbation method is used to compute the critical Rayleigh number and the wave number. The critical Rayleigh number is calculated as a function of the frequency of modulation, the temperature-dependent variable viscosity, the electric field dependent variable viscosity, the Prandtl number, and the electric Rayleigh number. The effects of all three cases of modulations are established to delay or advance the onset of the convection process. In addition, how the effect of variable viscosity controls the onset of convection is studied

Effects of Variable Viscosity and Temperature Modulation on Linear Rayleigh-Bénard Convection in Newtonian Dielectric Liquid

The linear Rayleigh-Bénard electro-convective stability of the Newtonian dielectric liquid is determined theoretically subject to the temperature modulation with time. A perturbation method is used to compute the critical Rayleigh number and the wave number. The critical Rayleigh number is calculated as a function of the frequency of modulation, the temperature-dependent variable viscosity, the electric field dependent variable viscosity, the Prandtl number, and the electric Rayleigh number. The effects of all three cases of modulations are established to delay or advance the onset of the convection process. In addition, how the effect of variable viscosity controls the onset of convection is studied

A Secure Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Hill Cipher System

We present a technique of image encryption based on Hill cipher system that provides better security than existing approach of Bibhudendra Acharya et al. by rendering the image content completely scrambled using multiple self-invertible keys, block shuffling and a new developed pel transformation. The Hill cipher algorithm is one of the symmetric key algorithms having several advantages in encryption. However, the inverse of the matrix used for encrypting the plain text in this algorithm may not always exist. Moreover this algorithm is susceptible to known plain text attack. Our proposed algorithm is aimed at better encryption of all types of images even ones with uniform background and makes the image encryption scheme more secure

Effect of Auxins on Shoot and Root Growth in an Endangered Medicinal Plant Guggal [Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhand.]

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of IBA and NAA on vegetative propagation of guggal[Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhand.] through cuttings, at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. The experiment consists of ten treatments: IBA, NAA and their combination, each at 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg l-1along with control, replicated thrice. Ten cuttings per each treatment and per replication were planted. Planting media used were: sand, soil and vermicompost, in 2:1:1 ratio. Cuttings were dipped for five minutes in solutions of IBA, NAA and their combinations. Cuttings treated with 4000 mg l-1 IBA proved to be the best for shoot and root responses, viz., days taken to first sprouting (11.67 days), number of shoots per cutting (10.27), number of leaves in the longest shoot (44.07), length of longest shoot (51.69cm), diameter of the longest shoot (4.40mm), rooting percentage (61.19), number of primary roots per cutting (15.01), length of the longest primary root (26.36cm), and number of secondary roots (22.37) and length of the longest secondary root (21.40cm) per cutting. It was concluded that IBA @ 4000 mg l-1 was most effective for obtaining maximum shoot and root growth

TinyML based Deep Learning Model for Activity Detection

Our physical and emotional well-being are directly impacted by our body positions. In addition to promoting a confident, upright image, maintaining good body posture during various activities also ensures that our musculoskeletal system is properly aligned. On the other side, bad posture can result in a number of musculoskeletal conditions, discomfort, and reduced productivity. Accurate systems that can detect posture in real time, activity detection, are required due to the rising use of wearable technology and the growing interest in health and fitness tracking. The goal of this project is to create a TinyML model for wearable activity detection that will allow users to assess their posture and make necessary corrections in order to improve their health and general well-being. The project intends to contribute to the creation of useful posture detection technologies that can be quickly implemented on wearable devices for widespread usage by leveraging machine learning algorithms and wearable sensor data. For reliable posture categorization, the model architecture combines deep neural networks (DNN) and LSTM layers. With the development and implementation of the TinyML model, a significant decrease in the model's power consumption, memory, and latency was achieved without any compromise in the accuracy. This work can be used in the fields of health, wellness, rehabilitation, corporate life, sports and fitness to keep track of calories burned, activity duration, distance traveled, posture analysis, and real-time tracking

ANTISNAKE VENOM PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Snake envenoming and consequent deaths are of common occurrence in tropical and subtropical regions. Approximately 1,25,000 deaths are witnessed every year and WHO has declared it as a neglected tropical disease in 2009. The immunotheraphy is the only treatment available, but it has side effects like serum sickness, pyrogen reactions moreover the non availability and storage problems has rendered the mankind to look in others sources to treat snake bite deaths. This has led to the investigation of naturally available antidotes or the herbal antidotes. The plants were used by humans from centuries to treat diseases which have become an ancient knowledge which are passed through the generations. Many scientific investigations have been carried out on the grounds of folk knowledge. Some of the plants include Aristolochia indica, Andrographis paniculata, Hemidesmus indicus, Vitis vinifera etc., many metabolites have also been isolated which show promising pharmacological inhibitory effect on the toxic snake venom. Further exploration and characterization of molecules would be able to provide an alternative to the existent Antisnake venom. Â

Towards 2030 UN Agenda on Sustainable Development Goals: Technical Challenges in Measuring the Gender Inequality for Asia Pacific

Against the backdrop of UN 2030 Sustainable Development agenda, this paper analyses the measurement issues in gender based indices constructed by UNDP and suggests alternatives for choice of variables, functional form and weights. Despite their relevance, the composite indices like Gender Development Index (GDI) and Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) have been criticized for their technical flaws and later replaced with Gender Inequality Index (GII). While GII conceptually reflects the loss in achievement due to inequality between men and women in three dimensions- health, empowerment and labour force participation – we argue that the assumptions and the choice of variables to capture these dimensions remain inadequate and erroneous, resulting in the partial capture of gender inequalities. Since the dimensions used for GII are different from HDI, we cannot say that a higher value of GII represents loss in HDI due to gender inequalities. However, while it is debatable the advantages of using GII over GDI (GDI is equally distributed equivalent of HDI which measures gender gap in three dimensions of human development-health, education and command over economic resources), one of the main drawbacks of using GII is that along with the inequality indicators of women vis-à-vis men, it also takes absolute indicators that are defined specifically for women- like maternal mortality rate (MMR) and adolescent fertility rate (AFR). The corresponding values for men for these absolute variables are taken as 1 which is unrealistic and leads to overestimation of the gap between women and men’s health standards. The technical obscurity remains how to interpret the index by combining women specific indicators with indicators that are defined for both. GII is a partial construct as it has not captured many significant dimensions of gender inequality. Though this requires a data revolution, we tried to reconstruct GII in the context of Asia-Pacific using three scenarios: (i) improving the set of variables incorporating unpaid care work, pay gap, intra-household decision making, exposure to knowledge networks and feminisation of governance at local levels; (ii) constructing a decomposed index to specify the direction of gender gaps and (iii) an alternative index using Principal Components Index (PCI) for assigning weights. The choice of countries under the three scenarios is constrained by data paucity. The results revealed that UNDP GII overestimates the gap between the two genders and using women specific indicators leads to a fallacious estimation of gender inequality. The estimates are illustrative. The implication of the results broadly suggests a return to GDI for capturing the gender development, with an improvised set of choices and variable